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Mayan Calendar · Number 10 of 13

Ten, where the strong numbers begin

Number 10 is the tenth of the thirteen numbers of the 260-day count, written as two bars. It opens the high numbers that the highland ethnography reports as strong, which EsoTerrier groups with 11 to 13; 10 Kej bore the highland year that opened in February 2022.

The Maya number 10 drawn as two bars, beside the words Number 10, two bars, strong in our three bands, and its Unicode code point U+1D2EA. Number 10 2 bars and 0 dots With each of the 20 day signs Strong in our three bands U+1D2EA
The number 10 as the Maya scribes wrote it, two bars, drawn by us; a bar is five and a dot is one.

Facts

Written
Two bars
Unicode
U+1D2EA, MAYAN NUMERAL TEN (Unicode 11.0, 2018)
Strength in our three bands
strong (1 to 3 mild, 4 to 9 middle, 10 to 13 strong; our grouping)
First day in the count
10 Tz'i', day 10 of the 260
Days with this number
Twenty in every 260: days 10, 23, 36 … 257
Head variant (Classic, after Thompson)
the death god
Highland year bearers with this number, 2018 to 2038
10 Kej from 19 February 2022; 10 E from 16 February 2035

Meaning

Ten is where the scale turns: the high numbers, in the highland reports, give the day its full force. Our strong band, 10 to 13, is our grouping of that reported principle, not a published scheme.

Our sentence: ten begins the strong numbers, what was planned becomes visible and the force of the day increases; the keyword is "rising strength". Both are ours, a reading aid.

Days and ceremonies

10 Kej bore the highland year that opened on 19 February 2022, with ceremonies that began on the eve. Its first day in the count is 10 Tz'i', day 10 of the 260.

Read with its sign, a strong number does not change what the day is: by the principle the highland reports describe, the sign gives the kind of day and the number its force. 10 Tz'i', the dog and the nawal of justice, is that sign at full strength; the way of putting it is ours.

Among the highland year bearers, 10 E bears the year that opens in February 2035, thirteen years after 10 Kej.

The numeral

Two bars. Thompson identified the Classic head for 10 as the death god, the god of the day Kimi.

In the count

The number 10 falls on twenty days of the 260: days 10, 23, 36, 49, 62, 75, 88, 101, 114, 127, 140, 153, 166, 179, 192, 205, 218, 231, 244 and 257, with the signs Tz'i', Aq'ab'al, Ajmaq, Toj, Iq', Tz'ikin, Q'anil, Imox, I'x, Kej, Ajpu, Aj, Kame, Kawoq, E, Kan, Tijax, B'atz', K'at and No'j in that order. A sign comes back every twenty days and a number every thirteen, so the same pairing, such as 10 Tz'i', returns only after 260 days. Each year the highland year bearer's number rises by one, because 365 days are 28 runs of thirteen and one day more.

Correspondences

Each item with how it stands: “sourced” is in the work cited, “our construction” is EsoTerrier’s own, and “disputed” means the sources disagree.

Strength, in the highland reports
The number gives the day its force: low numbers gentle, high numbers strong (Tedlock at Momostenango and Bunzel at Chichicastenango, as reported) sourced
Our band
strong; the bands and their edges are EsoTerrier's grouping, not a published scheme our construction
Our keyword and sentence
"rising strength"; Ten begins the strong numbers; what was planned becomes visible and the force of the day increases. our construction
Head variant of the numeral, after Thompson
the death god, the god he gave to the day Kimi sourced
A fixed character for the number
None established; which numbers are good differs from town to town disputed

How the schools read it

Highland ethnography, as reported
The number is the strength of the day, gentle in the low numbers and strong in the high.
Thompson's survey of highland towns
Which numbers count as good or bad differs from town to town.
Classic scribes
Wrote 10 as two bars, or as a god's head: the death god, in Thompson's identification.
Dreamspell (1990)
Gives each number a name of its own in a different modern count; not used here.
EsoTerrier
Strong in our bands; keyword "rising strength". Our words, a reading aid.

Claims about it

  • The number 10 has a fixed traditional character.

    unverified

    What the record shows: The highland reports give the numbers strength, low gentle and high strong; fixed characters per number are modern, and our own keyword is labelled as ours.

  • Ten is one of thirteen cosmic "tones" with a Maya name.

    false

    What the record shows: The tone names are Dreamspell's, from 1990. The Maya count has numbers 1 to 13.

Elsewhere on EsoTerrier

Sources

Primary texts (4)
  1. Komon Tohil (K'iche' daykeepers, Zunil); Smithsonian NMAI, The Meaning of the Days in the Maya Sacred Calendar. maya.nmai.si.edu, 2012. Consulted for facts; never copied. maya.nmai.si.edu/sites/default/files/resources/The%20Meaning%20of%20the%20Days%20in%20the%20Maya%20Sacred%20Calendar.pdf
  2. Mayatecum, ¿Cuál es el verdadero día del año nuevo maya solar?. mayatecum.com, 2024. Facts only. mayatecum.com/cual-es-el-verdadero-dia-del-anyo-nuevo-maya-solar
  3. Atitlan Vida, The 13 numbers of the Tzolk'in. atitlanvida.com, 2025. Facts only. atitlanvida.com/culture/tzolkin/the-13-numbers
  4. J. Eric S. Thompson, Maya Hieroglyphic Writing: Introduction. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 589, 1950 (reprinted 1960 and 1971). Facts and short attributed phrases only. mesoweb.com/publications/Thompson/Thompson1950.html
Studies and other sources (7)
  1. "Maya calendar", Wikipedia (orientation only). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_calendar
  2. "Dreamspell", Wikipedia (orientation only). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamspell
  3. Barbara Tedlock, Time and the Highland Maya. University of New Mexico Press, 1982. Not read by us: no lawful copy was reachable. Known through Barbara and Dennis Tedlock's 2005 interview (S99) and the works that cite it; facts only. search.worldcat.org/title/8033915
  4. Prensa Comunitaria, El calendario y cambio de año maya (February 2022). prensacomunitaria.org, 2022. Facts only. prensacomunitaria.org/2022/02/el-calendario-y-cambio-de-ano-maya6
  5. Unicode Consortium; Google Noto, Mayan Numerals (Unicode block U+1D2E0 to U+1D2FF) and Noto Sans Mayan Numerals. unicode.org; github.com/notofonts, 2018. github.com/notofonts/mayan-numerals
  6. Harri Kettunen and Christophe Helmke, Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs, 20th edition. Wayeb (European Association of Mayanists), 2025. Facts only. wayeb.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Kettunen_Helmke_2025_WH_English_20th_ed.pdf
  7. Ruth Leah Bunzel, Chichicastenango: A Guatemalan Village. J. J. Augustin, Locust Valley NY (Publications of the American Ethnological Society 22), 1952. Public domain; its passage on the numbers is known to us second hand. catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/004939427
Our own research (2)
  1. EsoTerrier Mayan calendar research, 2026-10-11 (main report, validation report, visual survey, notes) (2026).
  2. EsoTerrier engine, Mayan reference and calculation (2026). Its texts are our own, written from the sources above.

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By EsoTerrier. Written with AI assistance from our research and checked against its sources; last revised 20 October 2026. How we write these pages.

First published ; last revised . Corrections: support@esoterrier.com.